Auditing

This article explains how to use the auditing feature in Exasol.

Exasol allows you to have auditing for sessions and SQL command execution. Auditing does not require any transaction log or any database schema modification, and therefore has no performance impact on the system.

Auditing captures the following:

  • All sessions with information such as driver, client, host, and operating system user
  • All executed SQL statements with information such as CPU, network, and hard disk read/write

Capturing the above information facilitates debugging and data security. For example, by looking at the audit logs you can check which query used a high amount of temp DB RAM at any time. You can also see which user dropped a table at what time.

Implementation

  • Auditing is enabled by default when creating a database. If you have not enabled the auditing for a database, you can change the database configuration. For more information, see Enable Auditing.
  • The audit information is logged into the following system tables:
    • EXA_DBA_AUDIT_SESSIONS: The system table stores all the sessions from the moment you enable it and start the database.
    • EXA_DBA_AUDIT_SQL: The system table stores all executed SQL statements from the moment you enable it and start the database.
    • EXA_DBA_AUDIT​_IMPERSONATION: The system table stores all of the impersonation commands that each session executes from the moment you enable auditing and start the database.
  • The system tables are accessible to a user with SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege.
  • You can view the size of the auditing data in EXA_STATISTICS_OBJECT_SIZES.
  • You can delete the audit logs by using TRUNCATE AUDIT LOGS command.

Examples

Auditing for a user

Here is an example of auditing all sessions of user JOHN in the last 24 hours.

SQL Statement
SELECT SESSION_ID, USER_NAME, LOGIN_TIME, LOGOUT_TIME 
FROM EXA_DBA_AUDIT_SESSIONS
WHERE USER_NAME = 'JOHN' 
  AND CLIENT NOT LIKE '%[Meta]%' 
  AND add_days(LOGIN_TIME, 1) > SYSDATE;
Output
SESSION_ID USER_NAME LOGIN_TIME LOGOUT_TIME
1460639103178893350 JOHN 2019-11-20 11:11:18.221 2019-11-20 12:00:10.22
1460641579837871138 JOHN 2019-11-21 09:23:18.141 2019-11-21 10:20:28.240
1460639332787506215 JOHN 2019-11-22 05:33:18.229 2019-11-22 07:05:10.210

Auditing for a session

Here is an example of auditing a session 1460639103178893350.

SQL Statement
SELECT STMT_ID, START_TIME, STOP_TIME, SUCCESS, SQL_TEXT
FROM EXA_DBA_AUDIT_SQL
WHERE SESSION_ID = 1460639103178893350 
  AND STMT_ID > 6
ORDER BY 1;
Output
STMT_ID START_TIME STOP_TIME SUCCESS SQL_TEXT
7 52:54.5 52:54.6 TRUE create schema JOHN;
8 58:47.8 58:47.8 TRUE create table tmp_customers ...
9 58:55.5 58:55.6 TRUE create view ...
10 59:42.5 59:42.5 TRUE commit;
11 59:50.7 59:50.8 FALSE IMPORT INTO tmp_customers ...
12 02:51. 02:51.5 TRUE rollback;

Delete auditing log

Here is an example of deleting the audit logs before a specified date.

SQL Statement
-- deletes all auditing information before the specified date
TRUNCATE AUDIT LOGS KEEP FROM '2019-01-01';

Best Practices

Here are some best practices to ensure the data security and better auditing:

  • Enable auditing for your database.
  • Use FLUSH STATISTICS statement to update the statistical tables on demand.
  • Always implement a user concept that distinguishes between regular users and administrators.
  • Design and develop a comprehensive rights management system.
  • Grant permission to a user only if it is required.
  • Limit and secure any third-party access to the system.
  • Separate data and views so that users may only have access to the views.