How to use c4
This article describes the basics of how to use Exasol Deployment Tool (c4) to create and manage Exasol deployments.
Introduction
For information about how to install c4, see Install c4.
To run c4 commands, enter <path_to_c4_binary>/c4 <command> in a Linux terminal.
To get help in c4, use c4 --help. To get help for a specific command, use c4 <command> --help.
To avoid the need to prefix c4 commands with the path to the binary, add the path to your PATH variable. For information about how to modify PATH, refer to the documentation for your Linux distribution.
Configuration parameters
Configuration parameters for c4 can be specified in a configuration file and/or on the command line when creating a deployment. For general information about the c4 configuration parameters, see Configuration parameters.
For information about the parameters required for AWS deployment, see Create Configuration.
Do not change configuration parameters that are not described in this documentation without consulting Exasol Support.
Create a deployment
To deploy Exasol on AWS, use c4 aws play. For more information, see Deploy Exasol on AWS.
Monitor deployments
To see all your current deployments, use c4 ps.
./c4 ps
N PLAY_ID NODE MEDIUM INSTANCE DB_VERSION EXTERNAL_IP INTERNAL_IP STAGE STATE UPTIME TTL FEATURES
┌─ 1 bf3ffb47 10 awscf c5d.large 8.27.0 203.0.113.10 10.0.0.10 c running 00:23:07 +∞ -
│ 1 bf3ffb47 11 awscf c5d.2xlarge 8.27.0 203.0.113.11 10.0.0.11 d running 00:23:05 +∞ -
│ 1 bf3ffb47 12 awscf c5d.2xlarge 8.27.0 203.0.113.12 10.0.0.12 d running 00:23:06 +∞ -
│ 1 bf3ffb47 13 awscf c5d.2xlarge 8.27.0 203.0.113.13 10.0.0.13 d running 00:23:06 +∞ -
└─ 1 bf3ffb47 14 awscf c5d.2xlarge 8.27.0 203.0.113.14 10.0.0.14 d running 00:23:06 +∞ -By default, c4 ps shows the deployments in the region specified in the CCC_AWS_REGION parameter. To quickly view deployments in other regions, you can override the configuration parameter by specifying a different region on the command line. For example: CCC_AWS_REGION=eu-central-1 c4 ps will show the deployments that are running in the eu-central-1 AWS region.
The following information is displayed for each node and deployment:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| N | The number of the deployment in the current c4 ps table. |
| PLAY_ID | Unique identifier for the deployment |
| NODE | Node ID (if available) |
| MEDIUM | The medium that was used to create the deployment |
| INSTANCE | Instance type for the node |
| EXTERNAL_IP | External IP address |
| INTERNAL_IP | Internal IP address |
| STAGE | The current deployment stage of the node, see Deployment stage |
| STATE | The current state of the node, see Node state |
| UPTIME | Time lapsed since the node was created |
| TTL | Time for the deployment to live (+∞ if unlimited/TTL unset) |
During creation and/or startup, each node goes through the following deployment stages:
When a node is created it will be in one of the following states:
| Node state | Description |
|---|---|
| creating | Node is being created. |
| pending | Node is preparing to enter the running state. |
| running | Node is running at the indicated stage, see Deployment stage |
| stopped | Node is shut down and cannot be used. |
| rollingback | Node creation failed and is rolling back. |
| succeeded |
The previous deployment operation succeeded. NOTE: This node state does not indicate that the node is running, it only means that the last operation succeeded. In most cases, this node state indicates that node creation failed and was successfully rolled back. |
| failed | The previous deployment operation failed. |
The deployment is finished when all the database nodes have reached stage d and are in the running state.
For more details about how to use the c4 ps command, use c4 ps --help.
Troubleshooting c4 ps
In some cases c4 ps may time out while waiting for an instance to respond during the deployment process. This can for example be the case if there is a large geographical distance between the system running c4 ps and the instances. If the instance does not respond within the timeout period, c4 ps will consider the instance to be unreachable and report it as being in deployment stage a, even if the instance has booted up and services are running on the node.
You can increase the time limit for c4 ps to wait for instances to respond by setting a higher value in the CCC_USER_PS_REMOTE_TIMEOUT parameter in the c4 configuration. The default value is 3000 ms. For example, to set the timeout to 10 seconds:
CCC_USER_PS_REMOTE_TIMEOUT=10000
For more information on how to set configuration parameters in c4, see Configuration parameters.
Connect to a deployment
To connect to a deployment, use c4 connect -t <NUM>[.<NODE>][/<SUBSYSTEM>] where <NUM> is the deployment number N shown in c4 ps, <NODE> is the node ID NODE, and <SUBSYSTEM> is the subsystem to connect to. The subsystems are explained in the following table.
-
If you do not specify a node, c4 will connect to the first active node in the cluster.
-
If you do not specify a subsystem, c4 will connect to the database if it is online.
| Subsystem | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
/cos
|
Connect to EXAClusterOS on the target |
|
/host
|
Connect to the host Linux OS on the target |
|
/db
|
Connect to the database on the target (using a built-in SQL client) |
|
To disconnect, use Control+D.
For more details about the c4 connect command, use c4 connect --help.
Connecting to a target during an ongoing deployment process will show the deployment logs. This can be valuable for troubleshooting.
The built-in SQL client in c4 always runs in autocommit mode.
Refresh MFA token
If your organization uses MFA, you can use c4 aws token -f to refresh your token if needed.
Start nodes
If the access node is offline, you can use c4 to start nodes.
To start all nodes of a deployment, use c4 up <PLAY_ID>. You can also specify only starting certain nodes in the deployment with the --nodes option. For example, c4 up --nodes 12 f7fdff8e starts node 12 in deployment f7fdff8e.
c4 up is the equivalent of starting
Stop nodes
To stop all nodes of a deployment, use c4 down <PLAY_ID>. You can also specify only stopping certain nodes in the deployment with the --nodes option. For example, c4 down --nodes 12 f7fdff8e stops node 12 in deployment f7fdff8e.
To prevent a risk of data loss, always stop the database before using the c4 down command.
c4 down will not safely shut down the database and may leave the database in a corrupted state. It is the equivalent of stopping
